Qgis does not, as such, come with any preinstalled data, although there typically is a link to OpenStreet Map’s tiled image data that can be used as a background map or to print a topographical OSM map of somewhere. See more in the article on XYZ Tiles. In the following, you can find articles on how to access the most common data types from QGIS. This is, however, just my explanation of the common data types. for a more comprehensive text, see the QGIS Manual page on opening data https://docs.qgis.org/3.22/en/docs/user_manual/managing_data_source/opening_data.html